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目的观察低频脉冲电磁场(pulsed electromagnetic fields,PEMFs)对去势骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)大鼠腰椎骨组织形态计量学的影响,探讨PEMFs治疗OP的作用机制。方法将66只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组,n=12)、PEMFs实验组(B组,n=12)、雌激素对照组(C组,n=12)、卵巢切除对照组(D组,n=30)。A组大鼠仅切除卵巢周围部分脂肪组织,不切除卵巢;其余各组大鼠均切除双侧卵巢,制备去势OP大鼠模型。术后12周,B组采用低频PEMFs(8 Hz、3.8 mT、40 min/d)干预治疗30 d;C组采用倍美力0.065 mg/(kg.d)灌胃30 d;A、D组正常饲养。观察各组大鼠一般情况,术后12周检测血清雌二醇水平;干预治疗30 d后处死大鼠,取L4椎体作组织学切片,行静态骨形态计量学分析。结果术后D组大鼠毛发逐渐稀疏,活动迟缓,精神不振,反应较迟钝;A、B、C组大鼠毛发均光洁,精神及活动正常。术后12周,A组和D组大鼠血清雌二醇水平分别为(54.93±23.52)pg/mL和(31.99±23.45)pg/mL,比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.345,P=0.029)。干预治疗30 d后HE染色观察示,D组骨质变薄,骨髓扩大,骨小梁分布稀疏并变细,见断裂现象;A、B、C组骨小梁粗细一致,分布均匀,无断裂现象。B组大鼠L4椎体骨小梁面积百分比显著高于D组(P<0.05),也高于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁厚度显著高于D组(P<0.05),低于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁数量显著低于D组(P<0.05),高于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁分离度高于D组,低于A、C组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 8 Hz、3.8 mT的PEMFs干预30 d可有效改善去势OP大鼠骨显微结构,增加骨小梁面积百分比、骨小梁厚度,降低骨小梁数量,对大鼠OP有良好的防治作用。
Objective To observe the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the morphology of lumbar vertebrae in rats with osteoporosis (OP) and to explore the mechanism of action of PEMFs on OP. Methods Sixty-three three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n = 12), PEMFs experimental group (n = 12), estrogen control group (n = 12) , Ovariectomy control group (D group, n = 30). A group of rats only part of ovarian tissue around the removal of adipose tissue, not ovariectomized; the rest of the rats were removed bilateral ovaries, preparation of castrated OP rat model. At 12 weeks after operation, group B was treated with low-frequency PEMFs (8 Hz, 3.8 mT, 40 min / d) for 30 days. Group C was orally administered with p-metylene 0.065 mg / (kg.d) Normal feeding. The general condition of rats in each group was observed. Serum estradiol levels were measured at 12 weeks after operation. After 30 days of intervention, rats were sacrificed and histological sections of L4 vertebrae were taken for static bone morphometry. Results After operation, the hair of rats in Group D gradually became sparse, slow in activity, lack of energy and slow in response. Rats in Groups A, B and C had smooth hair and normal mental and activity. Serum estradiol levels in group A and group D were (54.93 ± 23.52) pg / mL and (31.99 ± 23.45) pg / mL at 12 weeks after operation, respectively, with statistical significance (t = 2.345, P = 0.029). At 30 days after intervention, HE staining showed that the bone in Group D became thinner, the bone marrow expanded, the trabecular distribution was thinner and thinner, and the phenomenon of fracture was observed. In Group A, B and C, the trabecular thickness was uniform and distributed evenly without fracture phenomenon. The percentage of trabecular area of L4 vertebra in group B was significantly higher than that in group D (P <0.05) and also higher than that in group A and C (P> 0.05). The trabecular thickness was significantly higher (P <0.05), but lower than those in A and C groups (P> 0.05). The number of trabecular bone was significantly lower than that of D group (P <0.05), but higher than that of A and C groups There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The trabecular separation was higher than that of group D and lower than that of group A and C (P> 0.05). Conclusion PEMFs of 8 Hz and 3.8 mT for 30 d can effectively improve the bone microstructure of ovariectomized OP rats and increase the trabecular area percentage and the trabecular thickness. effect.