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目的:调查分析我国优秀女子摔跤运动员月经紊乱的症状表现、发生原因及其对训练和比赛的影响,为制定相应的预防和治疗措施提供依据。方法:对14名备战2004年雅典奥运会的国家女子自由式摔跤队重点运动员进行问卷调查,调查包括个人基本情况、饮食、经期症状(痛经、闭经、月经不调的相关情况)、训练负荷、控(降)体重及高原训练对经期的影响6项,每个大项包括多个具体小项。结果:(1)调查对象月经失常表现中痛经发生率最高,为85·72%,其次为月经不调,再次为闭经。(2)月经期间参加比赛的队员,其自我感觉兴奋的比例较低,仅占8·33%;月经对比赛无明显影响的约占41·87%;对比赛有负面影响的约占50%。(3)饮食不当、超负荷训练、控(降)体重是造成优秀女子摔跤运动员月经失常的主要原因,其中大幅度降体重可能是引发女子摔跤运动员闭经的主要因素,亚高原训练会导致女子摔跤运动员月经周期延长。
Objective: To investigate the symptom manifestations, causes and their impact on training and competition of menstrual disorders in Chinese elite female wrestlers, and to provide evidence for the development of appropriate preventive and curative measures. Methods: 14 national women’s freestyle wrestling team key athletes preparing for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games were surveyed. The survey included basic information of individual, diet, menstrual symptoms (dysmenorrhea, amenorrhoea, irregular menstruation), training load, control (Down) weight and altitude training on menstrual 6, each including a number of specific items. Results: (1) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was the highest in 85.92% of the subjects with menstrual disorders, followed by irregular menstruation and amenorrhea again. (2) The percentage of players who participated in the competition during menstruation was lower than that of self-feeling, accounting for only 8.33%; menstruation accounted for 41.87% of those who had no obvious influence on the game; 50% . (3) Improper diet, overweight training, weight control (drop) are the main causes of menstrual disorders in elite female wrestlers. The significant weight loss may be the main factor causing amenorrhea in wrestlers. Sub-plateau training will lead to wrestling Athletes menstrual cycle extended.