俄罗斯石油立法由《地下资源法》、《勘探和生产许可证法》以及《石油和天然气法(草案)》组成。这些法律采用“两把钥匙”制,由地方和中央政府共同发放石油勘探和生产许可证并规定许可证条文。《许可证协议》是许可证的补充规定,由许可证授予方和持有方协商签署。《许可证协议》的具体内容符合世界石油贸易的惯例。 法律为确定各方均可接受的条件提供广泛的机会,而许可证则通过竞争、投标或直接谈判获得。 俄罗斯的石油勘探需要增加投资。俄罗斯具有使石油产量稳定甚至进一步增长的良好的自然条 Russian oil legislation consists of the Underground Resources Act, the Exploration and Production Permits Act and the Oil and Gas Law (Draft). These laws use a “two-key” system whereby both local and central governments jointly issue oil exploration and production licenses and provide for licensing provisions. The License Agreement is a supplement to the permit, signed by the permitting grantor and the holder. The specific content of the “License Agreement” is in line with the practice of the world oil trade. The law provides a wide range of opportunities for determining the conditions that are acceptable to all parties, while permits are obtained through competition, bidding or direct negotiations. Russia’s oil exploration needs increased investment. Russia has a good natural strip that stabilizes oil production even further