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在金融方面的国民待遇,是指一国给予外国银行在本国金融市场上与国内银行同等的权利和优惠。从某种意义上讲,一个国家对外资银行是否实行以及实行国民待遇的状况反映了该国对外开放的程度,并常常成为一国外资银行监管法制的核心与基础。美国作为全球最大的国际金融中心,是各国银行资本竞相逐鹿的场所,其市场开放程度高,又有重视通过法律手段进行规范的传统,在国民待遇问题上也有比较成熟的做法和经验。因此,研究美国外资银行国民待遇标准的立法与实践并从中把握其实质内含和发展动向,对我国外资银行监管立法及国内银行进入美国市场都有着重要的理论与现实价值。
National treatment in financial terms refers to the right and privilege granted by a country to a foreign bank to be equal to a domestic bank in the domestic financial market. In a sense, whether a country implements or nationally treats a foreign-funded bank reflects its degree of opening up to the outside world and is often the core and foundation of a foreign-funded banking regulatory system. As the largest international financial center in the world, the United States is a place where banks compete for capital. With a highly open market and a tradition of attaching importance to legal norms, the United States also has relatively mature practices and experiences in national treatment. Therefore, studying the legislation and practice of the national treatment standard of American foreign banks and grasping its essence and trend of development have important theoretical and practical value to supervise the legislation of our foreign-funded banks and the domestic banks into the U.S. market.