本文对春性大麦二棱型和四棱型品种与产量有关的几个性状进行了比较,并对产量结构做了通径分析。在产量结构中,二棱品种以每穗粒数对产量直接通径系数最大(p=0.7974),四棱品种直接通径系数最大的是千粒重(p=0.6483)。初步认为,吉林省生态条件下,啤酒大麦产量育种,二棱型品种的主攻目标是每穗粒数,四棱型品种为千粒重。吉林省啤洒工业发展很快。自1978年以来,啤洒产量每年递增24％。预计1990年产量将超过40万吨,需种植啤酒大麦50万亩,本世纪末啤洒产量要达到100万吨,要种110万亩,才能实现原料自给。为了扩大啤洒大麦面积,必须尽快地提高单位面积产量,增加经济效益,调动农民种值大麦积极性。而提高大麦单产,必须及时向生产上提供高产优质的大麦新品种。经几年引种鉴定,现已筛选出蒙克尔、莫尼斯和富士二条三个国外品种,代替了原地方品种和龙大麦,使单位面积产量提高了一大步。但单靠引种不能从根本上解决问题。必须建立自己的育种体系。即根据我省麦类作物的自然生态条件,通过系统选育,杂交育种,诱变育种等手段,不断为生产上提供适于本省栽培条件的,符合制麦和酿造工艺要求的高产抗病新品种。目前,这项研究工作在我省已经起步。本文通过对春性二棱品种和四棱品种与产量有关的几个性状的分析比较及产量结构对产量的通径分析,试从理论上验证在我省生态条件下,不同棱型啤酒大麦高产新品种选育以哪些性状为一攻目标提出初步意见,供育种工作参考。 In this paper, several traits related to yield and yield of two-rowed and four-rowed spring barley varieties were compared and the yield structure was analyzed. In the yield structure, the direct path coefficient of grains per panicle to yield was the highest (p = 0.7974) and that of quadrangular cultivars was the one thousand grain weight (p = 0.6483). Preliminary believe that the ecological conditions in Jilin Province, the production of barley beer breeding, two-edge varieties of the main target is the number of grains per spike, square-ribbed varieties of 1000-grain weight. Beer sprinkle industry in Jilin Province has developed rapidly. Beer production has risen 24% annually since 1978. Production is expected in 1990 will exceed 400,000 tons, the need to plant beer barley 500,000 acres, the end of this century beer sprinkler production to reach 1 million tons, to plant 1.1 million mu of raw materials in order to achieve self-sufficiency. In order to expand the area of ​​beer sprinkling barley, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area as soon as possible, increase economic benefits and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for barley planting. To increase barley yields, new barley varieties with high yield and quality must be timely provided to the production. After several years of introduction and appraisal, we have screened out three foreign species of Monk, Monis and Fuji two instead of the original local varieties and dragon barley, so that the yield per unit area is a big step forward. However, introduction alone can not fundamentally solve the problem. We must establish our own breeding system. That is, according to the natural ecological conditions of wheat crops in our province, through systematic breeding, cross breeding, mutagenic breeding and other means, continue to provide suitable for the cultivation conditions in the province, in line with the requirements of wheat and brewing high-yield disease-resistant new Variety. At present, this research work has started in our province. Based on the analysis and comparison of yield traits and springback two-edge cultivars and four-rowed cultivars, and the analysis of yield structure through yield structure, we theoretically verified that under the ecological conditions in our province, New varieties of breeding which traits as a target to put forward preliminary opinions for breeding work reference.