已观测到地震能以不同方式影响水文系统——地震时井水水位发生明显变化,溪流水量增大,泉水喷流增加(Rojstaczer and Wolf,1992;Muir-Wood and King,1993;Roeloffs,1996;Matsumoto,1992;Brod- sky et al,2003;Montgomery and Manga,2003;Manga et al,2003)。即使远处的地震也可能增大断层渗透性(Kitagawa et al,2002)。观测到的这些水文变化的大部分都 Earthquakes have been observed to affect hydrological systems in different ways - significant changes have occurred in the well water level during earthquakes, brook water volume increases, and spring jets increase (Rojstaczer and Wolf, 1992; Muir-Wood and King, 1993; Roeloffs, 1996; Matsumoto, 1992; Brod-sky et al, 2003; Montgomery and Manga, 2003; Manga et al, 2003). Even distant earthquakes can increase fault permeability (Kitagawa et al., 2002). Most of these hydrological changes have been observed