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目的了解北京市海淀区中小学生参加校内外体育锻炼情况,为增强青少年体质健康水平提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样,对北京市海淀区6所中小学20个班级的808名学生采用“北京市中小学生每天体育锻炼1 h情况调查问卷”进行问卷调查。结果随着学段升高,学生每周参加体育锻炼达到1 h的天数≥5 d的比例越来越低(χ2=73.51,P<0.05);不同学段体育课挤占情况差异有统计学意义,依次为高中(16.1%)、小学(6.4%)、初中(2.2%)(χ2=31.49,P<0.05);参与校外体育锻炼比例随着学段的提高逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.85,P<0.05);55.7%的中小学生平均每天做作业的时间超过1 h,其次是课外阅读写字(24.0%)、上网(19.2%)、玩游戏(13.2%)和看电视(13.1%)。结论中小学生参加校内外体育锻炼的比例较低,静坐时间长。学校和家长应重视体育锻炼的重要性,培养学生体育锻炼的习惯。
Objective To understand the situation of primary and secondary school students in Haidian District, Beijing, participating in physical exercises both inside and outside of the university, and to provide references for enhancing the physique and health of adolescents. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling was used to survey 808 students in 20 classes in 6 primary and secondary schools in Haidian District, Beijing using the Questionnaire on 1 Hour of Physical Activity in Beijing for Primary and Secondary School Students. Results With the increase of staging, the percentage of days ≥5 days after students participating in physical exercise for 1 hour per day was lower and lower (χ2 = 73.51, P <0.05). There was significant difference in the occupancy of PE classes in different periods , Followed by high school (16.1%), primary school (6.4%) and junior high school (2.2%) (χ2 = 31.49, P <0.05). The proportion of participating in physical education decreased gradually with the increase of the academic year χ2 = 31.85, P <0.05). 55.7% of primary and secondary school students did their homework more than 1 hour per day on average, followed by reading and writing after class (24.2%), surfing the Internet (19.2%), playing games 13.1%). Conclusions The proportion of primary and middle school students participating in physical exercise in and out of school is low and their meditation time is long. Schools and parents should pay attention to the importance of physical exercise and cultivate students’ habit of physical exercise.