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目的了解湖南省2011-2013年流行性感冒(简称流感)暴发疫情的流行病学特征和毒株变异情况,评价预防控制措施效果,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法收集2011-2013年全省突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的流感暴发疫情资料,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011-2013年全省报告16起流感暴发疫情,发病999例,平均罹患率为5.85%(999/17 077),无死亡病例。暴发病原类型主要是新A(H1N1)亚型、A(H3N2)亚型和B型流感病毒;暴发时间以冬春季节为主(2-3月和11-12月);主要发生在中小学校(13起,占81.25%);9起(56.25%)发生在农村,7起(43.75%)发生在城市及县城;发病人群罹患率小学生高于中学生和成人;A(H3N2)亚型和B型流感病毒暴发疫情中首例发病时间至疾病预防控制机构接到报告、处置时间与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.81,P=0.004)。结论中小学校是流感暴发的高发场所。加强学校流感样病例监测,提高事发单位报告敏感性,及早对事件采取相应的处理措施是控制流感暴发的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and strain variation of influenza outbreaks in Hunan province from 2011 to 2013 and to evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods The data of influenza outbreaks reported by the provincial public health emergency management information system from 2011 to 2013 were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results From 2011 to 2013, 16 outbreaks of influenza outbreaks were reported in the province, accounting for 999 cases. The average attack rate was 5.85% (999/17 077) with no deaths. The main types of outbreaks were new A (H1N1) subtype, A (H3N2) subtype and B type influenza virus. The outbreak time was mainly in winter and spring (February to March and November to December), mainly in primary and secondary schools (13 cases, accounting for 81.25%); 9 cases (56.25%) occurred in rural areas and 7 cases (43.75%) occurred in cities and counties; the prevalence rate of primary school students was higher than that of secondary school students and adults; A (H3N2) Influenza virus outbreak in the first case to disease prevention and control agencies received the report, the treatment time and the duration of the outbreak was positively correlated (r = 0.81, P = 0.004). Conclusions Primary and secondary schools are a high incidence of flu outbreaks. Strengthened monitoring of influenza-like cases in schools and increased reporting sensitivity of the incumbent units. The early handling of incidents should be the key to controlling the outbreak of influenza.