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美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)实施了一项“火灾和防火减灾研究计划”。为此计划,NIST成立了专门的团队,针对发生过的导致人员死亡或表现出对生命有重大威胁的火灾和消防失效事件,对所涉及的建筑物和基础设施的消防性能、火灾应急救援和人员疏散预案进行评估和鉴定。查尔斯顿市建筑物火灾中坍塌2007年6月18日夜,南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿市历史区附近的一家家具店的展厅和库房发生火灾。大火以极快的速度从展厅的后部席卷至展厅的前部,然后蔓延至东、西双侧展厅,随后发生了大楼坍塌,造成9名查尔斯顿消防队的队员牺牲。次日,NIST即派遣了消防专家到灾害现场进行勘察,以从技术方面找出火势得以迅速扩大的原因。通过计算机建模技术,NIST对火灾发生的事件顺序进行了最大还原度的模拟,然后和火灾应急反应时间轴进行比对。基于这次研究,NIST技术研究团队在建筑强化和人员安全方面提出了11项建议,促使全国各地采用并严格遵守目前已实施的典型建筑和消防安全规范。
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) implemented a “Fire and Fire Mitigation Research Program.” To this end, NIST has set up a dedicated team to deal with fire and fire failure incidents that have resulted in death or significant threat to life, fire performance of the buildings and infrastructure involved, fire emergency rescue and Personnel evacuation plan for evaluation and identification. Charleston Building Fires Collapse During the night of June 18, 2007, a fire broke out in the showroom and warehouse of a furniture store near the historic district of Charleston, South Carolina. The fire swept from the back of the exhibition hall to the front of the exhibition hall at a very fast speed and then to the east and west exhibition halls. Afterwards, the building collapsed, killing nine Charleston Fire Brigade members. The next day, NIST dispatched fire specialists to investigate the disaster site to technically identify the reasons why the fire was rapidly expanding. Using computer modeling techniques, NIST simulated the maximum reduction of the sequence of fire events and compared them to the fire emergency response timeline. Based on this research, the NIST technical research team made 11 recommendations on building fortification and personnel safety, prompting the adoption and strict adherence to the typical building and fire safety codes that have been implemented so far throughout the country.