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泸沽湖流域具有珍贵的高原生物和独特的摩梭族文化,但随着旅游开发的加快,水土流失风险开始显现。研究基于RS和GIS技术,选取土地利用类型、坡度、沟谷密度和土壤4个影响因子,对泸沽湖流域水土流失敏感性空间分布特征进行了分析评价。结果表明:不敏感和轻度敏感区占流域总面积的52.61%,反映泸沽湖流域水土流失保持现状基本良好;但仍存在明显的水土流失风险及空间差异,中部敏感区占流域总面积的38%,而高度和极敏感区占流域总面积的9.39%;高度和极敏感区主要分布在环湖带,影响因素除了坡度较高外,筑路和开垦农田等人类活动导致的土地覆被变化及易侵蚀土壤类型是局部区域重要的影响因素。研究结果可为泸沽湖流域水土流失防治和生态保护提供科学依据。
Lugu Lake basin has precious plateau and unique Mosuo culture, but with the accelerated development of tourism, the risk of soil erosion began to appear. Based on the RS and GIS technologies, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil and water loss sensitivity of the Lugu Lake Basin were analyzed and evaluated by selecting four types of land use types, slope, valley density and soil factors. The results showed that the insensitive and mildly sensitive areas accounted for 52.61% of the total basin area, reflecting that the status of soil and water erosion in the Lugu Lake Basin was basically good. However, there were still obvious risks of water and soil loss and space differences. The sensitive areas in central China accounted for 38% of the total area of the basin %, While the highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas account for 9.39% of the total area of the river basin. The highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the lake zone. Influencing factors include not only the high gradient but also the land cover change caused by human activities such as road construction and land reclamation And easily eroded soil types are important factors in the local area. The results provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and ecological protection in the Lugu Lake Basin.