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目的:探讨优秀游泳运动员肺功能损伤的敏感指标及其影响因素,为有效监测并改善游泳运动员肺功能损伤提供依据。方法:选取优秀游泳运动员117名(男56人,女61人)进行肺通气功能检测。检测地点为国家体育总局游泳馆(86人)和国家体育总局运动医学研究所体育医院实验室(31人),测试指标包括用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气标准容积(FEV1)、1秒率(FEV1/FVC)、用力呼气流量50%(FEF50)、用力呼气流量75%(FEF75)。根据中华医学会标准对上述运动员的肺功能情况作出诊断,分析与游泳运动员肺损伤密切相关的敏感指标;分析比较不同场所测得肺通气功能障碍发生率的差异,并对不同场所测得FVC、FEV1/FVC进行对比分析;将FEV1、FEV1/FVC与运动员训练年限进行相关性分析。结果:(1)FEV1/FVC与优秀游泳运动员肺通气功能障碍的发生密切相关;(2)游泳运动员在游泳馆所测肺通气功能障碍的发生率显著低于实验室;游泳馆和实验室所测FVC无显著性差异(P>0.05),游泳馆FEV1/FVC则极显著大于实验室(P<0.01);(3)FEV1%(FEV1实测/预计值%)、FEV1/FVC均与训练年限呈显著负相关(r1=-0.247,P=0.025;r2=-0.224,P=0.043)。结论:FEV1/FVC可作为优秀游泳运动员肺功能损伤评估的敏感指标,该指标受测试环境和训练年限的影响,训练年限越长的游泳运动员越易导致肺功能受损。
Objective: To explore the sensitive index of lung function injury of elite swimmers and its influencing factors, and to provide basis for effectively monitoring and improving the lung function impairment of swimmers. Methods: 117 excellent swimmers (male 56, female 61) were selected for pulmonary ventilation test. The test sites were the swimming pool (86 persons) of the General Administration of Sport of China and the sports hospital laboratory of the Institute of Sports Medicine of the State Sports General Administration (31 persons). The test indexes included FVC, FEV1, 1 second rate (FEV1 / FVC), forced expiratory flow of 50% (FEF50), forced expiratory flow of 75% (FEF75). According to the standard of Chinese Medical Association, we made a diagnosis of the lung function of the above athletes and analyzed the sensitive indexes which are closely related to the lung injury of swimmers. The differences of incidence of pulmonary dysfunction in different places were analyzed and compared. The FVC, FEV1 / FVC were compared; FEV1, FEV1 / FVC and athletes training years were analyzed. Results: (1) FEV1 / FVC was closely related to the occurrence of pulmonary dysfunction in elite swimmers; (2) The incidence of pulmonary dysfunction in swimmers was significantly lower than that in swimming pool; swimming pool and laboratory (3) The FEV1% (FEV1 measured / predicted value), FEV1 / FVC were all significantly higher than those of the training years (P <0.01) There was a significant negative correlation (r1 = -0.247, P = 0.025; r2 = -0.224, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: FEV1 / FVC can be used as a sensitive indicator of lung function impairment assessment for elite swimmers. This index is influenced by the test environment and training duration. The longer the training period, swimmers are more likely to cause impaired pulmonary function.