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民国时期抗战前,我国地方行政制度实行省县二级制,县级教育行政组织服务着占绝大多数教育的对象,也代表着中国教育的真实水平。根据有关史料,用数据分析的方法,再现当时湖南省75个县的教育局长这个群体的年龄、学历、待遇、任命手续和任期,以及县督学的基本情况。民国时期,湖南教育在行政时虽有法可依,有章可循,但因为当时社会状况和官员认识的局限,种种努力并未取得,也不可能取得理想的效果。今天我们在指出这种局限的同时,也要用历史唯物主义的观点肯定这种努力。
Before the War of Resistance Against Japan in the Republic of China, the local administrative system in our country practiced a two-level system at the county level and county level, and the educational administrative organizations at the county level served the objects of the vast majority of education and also represented the true level of Chinese education. According to the historical data, we used the method of data analysis to reproduce the age, education, treatment, appointment, tenure and the basic situation of the county governor-general at this time in the education bureau of 75 counties in Hunan Province at that time. During the period of Republic of China, though education in Hunan was legally compliant and regulated in its administration, due to the limitations of social conditions and officials’ understanding at that time, all efforts were not made and the desired results could not be obtained. While pointing out this limitation today, we must affirm this effort from the perspective of historical materialism.