论文部分内容阅读
目的监测新疆奎屯市重点人群5种疫苗针对传染病的免疫水平,评价免疫效果,为制定免疫规划策略和防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2015年4月29日─5月7日,按照随机抽样原则,抽取奎屯市5个街道1个乡的6个月~1岁、1.5~2岁、3~4岁、5~6岁4个年龄组儿童,每个年龄组抽25~40人,共计125人;抽取新疆内初班初一学生(12~13岁)68人及育龄妇女(20~45岁)46人;采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰质炎和流行性脑脊髓膜炎的Ig G抗体。结果共采集血样标本239份检测Ig G抗体,其中麻疹抗体阳性率最高为90.38%,其次为脊髓灰质炎(86.19%)、风疹(84.52%)、腮腺炎(80.33%)和流行性脑脊髓膜炎(78.24%);不同年龄组,麻疹(χ2=23.18)、腮腺炎(χ2=28.76)和流行性脑脊髓膜炎(χ2=42.81)抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);麻疹抗体阳性率最高为3~4岁组(100.00%),最低为6个月~1岁组(66.67%);腮腺炎抗体阳性率最高为3~4岁组(94.74%),最低亦为6个月~1岁组(51.85%);流行性脑脊髓膜炎阳性率最高为1.5~2岁组(92.86%),最低为6个月~1岁组(51.85%);不同年龄组间风疹(χ2=6.76)和脊髓灰质炎(χ2=6.80)抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);不同接种单位流行性脑脊髓膜炎抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.39,P<0.05)。结论新疆奎屯市预防接种工作还存在免疫薄弱环节,应针对重点人群提高各类疫苗的有效接种率和及时接种率,提高疫苗的接种质量,应特别关注6个月~1岁组的儿童。
Objective To monitor the immune levels of five kinds of vaccines of key populations in Kuitun, Xinjiang for the evaluation of immunological effects and provide scientific basis for the formulation of immunization strategies and prevention and treatment measures. Methods From April 29 to May 7, 2015, according to the principle of random sampling, 6 months to 1 year old, 1.5 to 2 years old, 3 to 4 years old, 5 to 6 years old 4 A group of children, each age group pumping 25 to 40 people, a total of 125 people; Xinjiang early first-year students (12 to 13 years old) 68 and women of childbearing age (20 to 45 years old) 46; Immunoadsorption Assays IgG antibodies to measles, rubella, mumps, poliomyelitis and meningococcal meningitis. Results A total of 239 blood samples were collected for the detection of Ig G antibodies. The highest positive rate of measles antibody was 90.38%, followed by polio (86.19%), rubella (84.52%), mumps (80.33%) and epidemic cerebrospinal The positive rates of measles (χ2 = 23.18), mumps (χ2 = 28.76) and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (χ2 = 42.81) were significantly different among different age groups (all P <0.05) ; The highest positive rate of measles antibody was in the group of 3 to 4 years old (100.00%), the lowest was 6 months to 1 year old group (66.67%); the highest positive rate of mumps antibody was in the group of 3 to 4 years old (94.74%), (51.85%) were from 6 months to 1 year old. The highest positive rate of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis was 1.5 to 2 years old (92.86%), the lowest was 6 months to 1 year old (51.85%), There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibodies between measles (χ2 = 6.76) and poliomyelitis (χ2 = 6.80) (all P> 0.05). There was significant difference in the positive rates of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis antibody among different vaccination units (χ2 = = 33.39, P <0.05). Conclusion Vaccination work in Kuitun City, Xinjiang Province still has some immunological weaknesses. Special attention should be paid to children aged 6 months to 1 year in order to improve the effective vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of all kinds of vaccines for key populations and improve vaccination quality.