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目的了解重庆近郊学龄前儿童的体格生长和营养状况,为进一步在该地区实施营养素干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层与整群抽样相结合的方法,在重庆市巴南鱼洞镇7所规模﹥200名的幼儿园中随机选取3所中的所有3~6岁符合纳入标准的350名学龄前儿童;对纳入儿童的体格生长以及营养状况进行调查和评价。结果 34.26%学龄前儿童很少喝奶及奶制品(﹤2d/周),72.00%基本不吃内脏。低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦及超重或肥胖的儿童比例分别为3.14%,5.71%,6.86%和5.85%。儿童血红蛋白水平为(117.33±9.77)g/L,贫血发生率为25.14%。维生素A浓度为(1.23±0.25)μmol/L,维生素A缺乏及边缘型维生素A缺乏分别为1.14%和22.32%;儿童血清锌浓度为(12.22±7.00)g/L,儿童锌不足(血清Zn﹤10.7μmol/L)发生率为25.14%。维生素A水平与血红蛋白浓度呈显著性正相关(r=0.12,P=0.02),维生素A缺乏的儿童贫血发生率是维生素A水平正常儿童的2.32倍。结论该地区学龄前儿童典型的维生素A缺乏及中、重度贫血已不多见,但边缘型维生素A缺乏及轻度贫血发病率仍较高,儿童体格生长仍处较低水平。
Objective To understand the physical growth and nutritional status of preschool children in the suburbs of Chongqing and provide a scientific basis for the further implementation of nutrient intervention in this area. Methods A total of 350 pre-school children aged 3 to 6 years who meet the inclusion criteria were randomly selected from 7 kindergartens with a scale of> 200 in Yudong County, Banan, Chongqing, using a combination of stratification and cluster sampling. ; Investigate and assess the physical growth and nutritional status of the children involved. Results 34.26% preschool children rarely drink milk and dairy products (<2d / week), 72.00% basically do not eat offal. Low birth weight, slow growth, weight loss and overweight or obese children were 3.14%, 5.71%, 6.86% and 5.85% respectively. Children’s hemoglobin level was (117.33 ± 9.77) g / L, the incidence of anemia was 25.14%. (1.23 ± 0.25) μmol / L for vitamin A, 1.14% for vitamin A deficiency and 22.32% for marginal vitamin A deficiency respectively. Serum zinc concentration in children was (12.22 ± 7.00) g / <10.7μmol / L) was 25.14%. There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin A level and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.12, P = 0.02). The incidence of anemia in children with vitamin A deficiency was 2.32 times that of normal children with vitamin A level. Conclusion The typical vitamin A deficiency and moderate to severe anemia in preschool children in this area are rare. However, the incidence of marginal vitamin A deficiency and mild anemia is still high, and physical growth of children is still at a low level.