OBTECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)and P53 in taxane-based and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in breast cancer. METHODS Sixty-two patients with breast cancer were included in this study. Twenty-two patients were treated with taxane-based(taxane group) and 40 with anthracycline-based(anthracycline group).ER,PR,c-erbB2 and P53 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining before NAC, and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization(FISH)was used to detect the HER-2 gene amplification for the cases with the expression of c-erbB2 protein as(++)or(+++).The efficacy of the regimens was evaluated after NAC. RESULTS In the anthracycline group, objective response(OR)was observed in 30 out of 40 patients(75%),whereas no response(NR)was observed in 10 patients(25%).In the taxane group, OR was observed in 15 patients out of 22 patients(68.2%), whereas NR was observed in 7 patients(31.8%).HER-2-negative status was correlated with a high OR in both taxane-based and anthracycline-based NAC(P=0.023 and P=0.029),whereas P53-negative status was correlated with high OR rate in anthracycline-based NAC(P=0.041).The significant difference of the CR rates was observed between the patients took<4 cycles and≥4 cycles NAC (4.65%vs.21.05%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The patients with HER-2 gene non-amplication may be sensitive to both taxane-based and anthracycline-based chemotherapy; the patients without P53 overexpression may suitable to select anthracycline-based chemotherapy; and proper increased NAC cycles may increase CR rates.