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目的了解安徽省淮南地区肺结核发生的现况,探讨肺结核相关危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,从安徽省淮南市东方集团附属肿瘤医院选取150例确诊肺结核患者,从淮南市体检中心选取260名健康人作为对照,分析结核病发生的相关危险因素。结果年龄及性别构成、家庭经济状况、婚姻状况和是否饮酒者占比在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);居住地点和文化程度构成、营养状况、糖尿病、高血压及吸烟者占比在病例组和对照组中差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为60.072、6.921、99.464、21.841、6.368、41.478,P均<0.05)。调整混杂因素后,居住在城市和城镇是肺结核发生的保护因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为0.703(0.317~0.856)和0.564(0.259~0.724),患高血压也是肺结核发生的保护因素,其OR值(95%CI)为0.626(0.271~0.784);重、中、轻度营养不良、糖尿病、吸烟(包括被动吸烟)是肺结核发生的危险因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为[2.976(0.887~9.989)、2.143(1.069~4.298)、1.703(0.884~4.690)、5.185(1.990~13.511)和1.477(1.087~2.006)]。重、中、轻度营养不良合并患糖尿病增加肺结核发生的危险性,其OR值(95%CI)分别为8.07(4.26~15.29)、3.25(1.51~6.98)、3.07(1.08~8.68)。营养状况正常和超重/肥胖伴高血压,可降低肺结核发生的危险性,其OR值(95%CI)分别为0.64(0.52~0.78)、0.79(0.67~0.92)。重度营养不良伴吸烟增加肺结核发生的危险性,其OR值(95%CI)为3.19(2.05~4.96)。结论居住在农村、营养不良、患糖尿病和吸烟是肺结核发生的危险因素,其中营养不良伴糖尿病或吸烟可使患结核病的危险性增大。
Objective To understand the status of tuberculosis in Huainan area of Anhui Province and explore the risk factors related to tuberculosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted in which 150 cases of confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis were selected from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Huadong, Huainan, Anhui Province, and 260 healthy individuals were selected as the control from the Huainan Medical Center to analyze the related risk factors of tuberculosis. Results There was no significant difference in the age and sex composition, family economic status, marital status and alcohol consumption between the case group and the control group (P> 0.05). The place of residence and educational level, nutritional status, diabetes, hypertension And the proportion of smokers in the case group and control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 values were 60.072,6.921,99.464,21.841,6.368,41.478, P <0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the ORs (95% CI) were 0.703 (0.317-0.856) and 0.564 (0.259-0.724) respectively in urban and urban areas. Hypertension was also the protective factor of pulmonary tuberculosis , OR (95% CI) was 0.626 (0.271-0.784). The risk of tuberculosis was moderate or severe malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, smoking (including passive smoking), and the odds ratio (95% CI) Are [2.976 (0.887 ~ 9.989), 2.143 (1.069 ~ 4.298), 1.703 (0.884 ~ 4.690), 5.185 (1.990 ~ 13.511) and 1.477 (1.087 ~ 2.006). The odds ratio (95% CI) of mild, moderate and mild malnutrition patients with diabetes mellitus with pulmonary tuberculosis were 8.07 (4.26-15.29), 3.25 (1.51-6.98) and 3.07 (1.08-8.68), respectively. Normal nutritional status and overweight / obesity with hypertension can reduce the risk of tuberculosis. The OR values (95% CI) were 0.64 (0.52-0.78) and 0.79 (0.67-0.92), respectively. The odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.19 (2.05-4.96) for severe malnutrition with smoking increasing the risk of tuberculosis. Conclusions Living in rural areas, malnutrition, diabetes and smoking are risk factors for tuberculosis. Malnutrition with diabetes or smoking may increase the risk of tuberculosis.