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火炕在中国已有2 000多年的历史,应用于大半个中国的农村居民住房中。这样一个家喻户晓的设施是利用炊事余热来实现向房间内供热的,因而具有较大的节能潜力。但是,目前火炕的搭建仍以经验为主,热工性能差异较大。本文在已有火炕研究成果的基础上,从流体力学和传热学基本理论出发,进一步对火炕的结构和功能进行了分析,提出从5个方面:炕面温度、火炕热惰性、火炕系统阻力、炕体热效率和火炕对室内环境的影响(室温和室内空气品质)来评价火炕的热工性能,并通过现场测试验证了评价方法的可操作性。
Ondang has more than 2,000 years of history in China and is used in most of China’s rural residential buildings. Such a well-known facility is the use of cooking waste heat to achieve the heating of the room, which has greater potential for energy saving. However, the current structure of the kang is still based on experience, thermal performance differences. Based on the existing research results of kang, based on the basic theory of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, the structure and function of kang are further analyzed. Five aspects are proposed: temperature of kang surface, thermal inertia of kong, resistance of kong system , Thermal efficiency of kang body and the influence of tundra on the indoor environment (room temperature and indoor air quality) to evaluate the thermal performance of the kong, and verify the feasibility of the evaluation method through on-site testing.