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地热是一种新型的清洁能源,许多国家都对其进行了专门立法,以推动循环经济的发展。分析矿产开采权的形成与发展,对比国际地热资源的立法实践,可知地热开采权是一种他物权,是国家所有者权益的经济体现。我国地热资源的广泛开发,与当前地热、矿产资源的必要法律制度的缺失、地方性规章与法律、行政法规冲突等情况形成了对立。在我国《矿产资源法》修订的基础上,有机、协调地制定统一的《地热能法》,是消除地热资源利用障碍的有效法律手段,符合国际新能源法律规制的趋势。
Geothermal is a new type of clean energy and many countries have enacted laws to promote the development of circular economy. Analysis of the formation and development of mineral exploitation rights, compared with the legislative practice of international geothermal resources, we can see that geothermal mining right is one kind of real right and an economic embodiment of the rights and interests of state owners. The extensive development of geothermal resources in China is contradicted by the lack of the necessary legal system for geothermal and mineral resources and the conflicts between local regulations and laws and administrative regulations. On the basis of the revision of the “Mineral Resources Law” in our country, the formulation of a unified “geothermal energy law” in an organic and coordinated manner is an effective legal measure to eliminate the obstacles to the utilization of geothermal resources and is consistent with the trend of legal regulation of new international energy sources.