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日语的“体”(アスペクト)是日语语法的重要组成部分,是语言学及语言习得的重要研究对象。以国内大二日语专业四级考试的作文为对象,调查了与テイル形相关的偏误,分析原因,考察习得情况,可以看出表示惯用法的偏误最多。汉语动词的变化、语法规则和动词的形态与日语不同,导致学习者的偏误。中日两种语言的“体”的对应关系并非完全一一对应,对学习者比较困难。
Japanese “body” is an important part of Japanese grammar and an important research object in linguistics and language acquisition. Taking the sophomore Japanese Level 4 test as an example, we investigated the errors associated with the T-shape, analyzed the reasons, and examined the acquisition. We can see that the errors that represent the idioms are the most. The changes of Chinese verbs, grammatical rules and the forms of verbs are different from those of Japanese, leading to learner bias. The corresponding relationship between the two languages of China and Japan is not completely one to one, and more difficult for learners.