Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and financing.Different tools have been developed,including incident analysis,health technology assessment and clinical audit.The clinical audit consist of measuring a clinical outcome or a process,against welldefined standards set on the principles of evidencebased medicine in order to identify the changes needed to improve the quality of care.In particular,patients suffering from chronic renal diseases,present many problems that have been set as topics for clinical audit projects,such as hypertension,anaemia and mineral metabolism management.Although the results of these studies have been encouraging,demonstrating the effectiveness of audit,overall the present evidence is not clearly in favour of clinical audit.These findings call attention to the need to further studies to validate this methodology in different operating scenarios.This review examines the principle of clinical audit,focusing on experiences performed in nephrology settings. Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and financing.Different tools have been developed, including incident analysis, health technology assessment and clinical audit of measuring a clinical outcome or a process, against welldefined standards set on the principles of evidencebased medicine in order to identify the changes needed to improve the quality of careInIn, patients suffering from chronic renal diseases, present many problems that have been set as topics for clinical audit projects, such as hypertension, anaemia and mineral metabolism management. Although the results of these studies have been encouraged, demonstrating the effectiveness of audit, overall the present evidence is not clearly in favor of clinical audit. The findings findings to the need to further studies to validate this methodology in different operating sc enarios.This review examines the principle of clinical audit, focusing on experiences performed in nephrology settings.