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晚清与“五四”文学变革的最大成绩就是实现了以白话文取代文言文,国语运动也有很大收获。然而,论者对“白话”、“文言”、“白话文”、“文言文”、“国语”等最基本、最关键的概念却语焉不详,导致了论述与论争中的混乱。袁红涛指出,“虽然‘五四’白话文运动与文学革命、新文化运动通常相提并论,但在现有的文学史叙述中,‘白话文运动’实际上却显出空洞,语焉不详,不知究竟所指为何物。而‘国语’概念的失落与国语运动被遮蔽无疑是形成这种状况的重要原因”。[1]晚清和“五四”的文学变革是以批判文言文、提倡白话文为起点的,我们的探讨也就从这里开始。
Late Qing and “May Fourth ” the greatest achievement of literary change is to achieve the replacement of classical Chinese with vernacular, Chinese sports also have great gains. However, the most basic and crucial concepts such as “vernacular”, “classical Chinese”, “vernacular”, “classical Chinese” and “national language” Confusion in the. Yuan Hongtao pointed out: “Although the” May 4th “vernacular movement was often compared with the literary revolution and the New Culture Movement, the” vernacular movement “actually showed a hollow in the existing literary history narrative. However, the loss of the concept of ’Mandarin’ and the obscurantism of Chinese language are undoubtedly the important reasons for this situation. ” [1] The late Qing and “May Fourth” literary changes are based on the criticism of classical Chinese and the promotion of vernacular as the starting point, and our discussion begins here.