少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的髓鞘形成细胞。近年研究表明,少突胶质细胞除形成中枢神经系统的髓鞘,营养和保护轴突的功能外,尚有为中枢神经系统提供神经营养因子和生长因子,表达轴突抑制分子等其他作用,在临床上与一些中枢神经系统疾病密切相关。本文综述少突胶质细胞特性、生物学功能及与新生儿疾病的关系。 Oligodendrocytes are myeloid cells of the central nervous system. In recent years, studies have shown that oligodendrocytes in addition to the formation of the central nervous system, myelination, nutrition and protection of axons, there are still for the central nervous system to provide neurotrophic factors and growth factors, axon inhibitory molecules and other roles, Clinically with a number of central nervous system diseases are closely related. This article reviews the relationship between oligodendrocyte characteristics, biological function, and neonatal morbidity.