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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).In this retrospective study,data were collected from 662 patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated hospital to treat patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan before March 20,2020.All patients were divided into an exposed group (CHM users) and a control group (non-users).After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio,156 CHM users were matched by propensity score to 156 non-users.No significant differences in seven baseline clinical variables were found between the two groups of patients.All-cause mortality was reported in 13 CHM users who died and 36 non-users who died.After multivariate adjustment,the mortality risk of CHM users was reduced by 82.2％ (odds ratio 0.178,95％ CI 0.076-0.418;P ＜ 0.001) compared with the non-users.Secondly,age (odds ratio 1.053,95％ CI 1.023-1.084;P ＜ 0.001)and the proportion of severe/critical patients (odds ratio 0.063,95％ CI 0.028-0.143;P ＜ 0.001) were the risk factors of mortality.These results show that the use of CHM may reduce the mortality of patients with severe/critical COVID-19.