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This paper describes the fundamentals of cloud computing and current big?data key technologies. We categorize big?da?ta processing as batch?based, stream?based, graph?based, DAG?based, interactive?based, or visual?based according to the processing technique. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various big?data cloud processing techniques in order to help the big?data community select the appropri?ate processing technique. We also provide big data research challenges and future directions in aspect to transportation management systems.