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对以嵌段聚合物为模板制备聚合物纳米多孔材料的研究进行了评述,重点介绍了超临界流体选择溶胀法制备聚合物纳米多孔材料新技术。与传统方法相比,利用超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)对含亲CO2组分嵌段聚合物的选择溶胀性,在聚合物材料中引入了纳米闭孔结构的的技术具有非破坏性优点。除此之外,该方法能够获得非平衡态下的多种聚合物纳米结构,改变了以往只能在平衡态下通过化学刻蚀或热降解等方法获取纳米多孔结构的方式,拓展了超临界流体在材料制备中的应用。
The research on the preparation of polymer nanoporous materials by using the block copolymer as a template was reviewed. The new technology for preparing polymer nanoporous materials by selective swelling of supercritical fluids was emphatically introduced. Compared with the traditional method, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) on the selective swelling of the block copolymer containing a CO2-containing component has the advantage of non-destructive introduction of a closed-cell nano-structure into the polymer material. In addition, this method can obtain a variety of non-equilibrium polymer nanostructures, changing the past can only be obtained by chemical etching or thermal degradation in the equilibrium mode of nano-porous structure, expanding the supercritical Application of Fluid in Material Preparation.