目的观察腺病毒载体介导的人野生型Ｒｂ基因导入后促进血管平滑肌细胞衰老的作用，并探讨Ｒｂ基因抑制平滑肌细胞增生的机理。方法用外源性Ｒｂ基因重组腺病毒载体感染体外培养的兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞。以细胞超微结构、３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入、流式细胞术分析细胞周期和β－半乳糖苷酶染色等方法观察平滑肌细胞的衰老变化。结果Ｒｂ基因导入可使平滑肌细胞发生衰老，表现为细胞线粒体肿胀，脂褐素堆积，ＤＮＡ合成减少，细胞停滞在Ｇ０／Ｇ１期，与衰老相关的β－半乳糖苷酶表达增加。结论野生型Ｒｂ基因通过促进细胞衰老而对平滑肌细胞增生起抑制作用 Objective To observe the effect of adenovirus vector-mediated human wild-type Rb gene on the promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and to explore the mechanism of Rb gene inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation. Methods Rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were infected with exogenous Rb gene recombinant adenovirus vector. 3H-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle and β-galactosidase staining and other methods to observe the changes of smooth muscle cell senescence. Results Rb gene could induce the smooth muscle cells to senesce. The cells showed mitochondria swelling, accumulation of lipofuscin, reduction of DNA synthesis, cell arrest in G0 / G1 phase, and increased expression of β-galactosidase related to aging. Conclusion The wild-type Rb gene can inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells by promoting cell senescence