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目的了解黑龙江省肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome,HFRS)的流行特征和发病规律,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法利用传染病报告信息管理系统收集2007-2016年HFRS病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 2007-2016年黑龙江省共报告HFRS病例17 820例,死亡病例163例,年平均报告发病率4.66/10万,年平均报告死亡率0.04/10万。全省HFRS病例呈散发,每年13个市(地)均有病例报告,其中报告发病数较多的市(地)为佳木斯(3 240例)、哈尔滨(2 283例)、双鸭山(2 147例);报告发病率较高的市(地)为双鸭山(14.48/10万)、佳木斯(12.87/10万)、鹤岗(9.05/10万)。每年发病呈明显的春夏季和秋冬季2个高峰,以秋冬高峰为主。男女发病性别比为3.65∶1;发病相对集中在30~59岁年龄组,占总病例的70.16%;职业构成中以农民为主,占总病例的68.60%。结论黑龙江省近10年HFRS发病率、死亡率总体呈下降趋势,壮年男性农民为HFRS的高发人群,年近60岁及以上年龄组发病比例有增大的趋势。为做好HFRS防控工作,应继续加强灭鼠、防鼠及高危人群疫苗接种工作,关注大年龄组人群疾病防控,减少新病例的出现。
Objective To understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Heilongjiang Province, and provide a reference for prevention and control of epidemic situation. Methods The information system of infectious diseases reporting was used to collect data of HFRS cases from 2007 to 2016, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 17 820 HFRS cases and 163 deaths were reported in Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2016, with an average annual incidence of 4.66 / 100,000 and an annual average of 0.04 / 100,000 deaths. HFRS cases were distributed throughout the province, and cases were reported in 13 municipalities (prefectures) each year. Among them, Jiamusi (3 240 cases), Harbin (2883 cases), Shuangyashan (2 147 cases) (14.48 / 100,000), Jiamusi (12.87 / 100,000) and Hegang (9.05 / 100,000), respectively. The annual incidence of obvious spring and summer and autumn and winter 2 peaks, mainly in autumn and winter peak. The sex ratio of men and women was 3.65: 1. The incidence was relatively concentrated in the age group of 30-59 years, accounting for 70.16% of the total cases. The occupational composition was dominated by peasants, accounting for 68.60% of the total cases. Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of HFRS in Heilongjiang Province have been on the decline in recent 10 years. Male farmer is a high incidence of HFRS in Heilongjiang Province. The incidence of HFRS tends to increase in the age group of 60 and above. In order to do a good job in prevention and control of HFRS, we should continue to strengthen the vaccination efforts of rodent control, rat prevention and high-risk groups, and focus on the prevention and control of diseases in the population of large age groups, so as to reduce the emergence of new cases.