1947年独立以后,印度由尼赫鲁·甘地家族领导的国大党长期执政,逐步探索适合本国国情的经济体制,大力推动供给侧改革,先后以重工业为重点实施进口替代战略、以“绿色革命”为重点推动农业发展、以科技产业为重点扩大对外开放。然而,僵化的计划经济体制严重束缚了劳动力、土地、资本等要素的供给,深陷危机的印度最终于20世纪90年代开启大规模的经济体制改革。 After independence in 1947, the Indian Congress, led by the Nehru Gandhi family, has long been in power and has gradually explored a suitable economic system in line with its own national conditions. It vigorously promoted supply-side reform by successively implementing the import substitution strategy focusing on heavy industry, Revolution "as the key to promote agricultural development, focusing on science and technology industry to expand opening up. However, a rigid planned economy severely constrained the supply of labor, land, capital and other factors. India, which was in crisis, finally started a large-scale reform of the economic system in the 1990s.