目的分析丰城市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征,评价疫苗免疫效果,为制定以疫苗接种为主的防控对策提供可靠依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对丰城市2014年HFRS病例资料和宿主动物监测资料进行统计分析。在高发病地区的重点人群中实施疫苗接种,评价疫苗免疫效果。结果 2014年全市共报告HFRS病例27例,死亡1例,年发病率为2.02/10万,死亡率为0.07/10万。1、2月和11、12月为发病高峰期,共报告17例,占总数的62.96%。男性22例,女性5例,男女性别比为4.4∶1;男性发病率为3.11/10万,女性发病率为0.79/10万,男性发病率高于女性(P<0.01)。发病年龄以25~64岁人群为主(21例,占77.78%);职业以农民为主(20例,占74.07%)。居民区室内鼠密度为5.43%,野外鼠密度为7.52%;优势鼠种居民区为褐家鼠(占59.09%),野外为黄毛鼠(占79.07%)。免疫前健康人群隐性感染率为11.50%,全程免疫后阳性率为77.25%,阳转率达74.29%;免疫前后阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论丰城市2014年HFRS发病率有所下降,HFRS疫苗免疫效果明显,建议实施以疫情监测、健康教育、防鼠灭鼠和疫苗接种相结合的综合防治措施。 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS in Fengcheng City and evaluate the effect of vaccine immunization in order to provide a reliable basis for the prevention and control measures based on vaccination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of HFRS cases and host animal monitoring data in Fengcheng City in 2014. Vaccination was conducted in key populations in areas with high prevalence, and vaccine immunization effects were evaluated. Results In 2014, a total of 27 HFRS cases were reported in the city, including 1 death. The annual incidence rate was 2.02 / lakh and the death rate was 0.07 / lakh. In January, February and November and December, there were 17 cases reported, accounting for 62.96% of the total. There were 22 males and 5 females with a sex ratio of 4.4:1. The incidence of males was 3.11 / lakh and the incidence of females was 0.79 / lakh. The incidence of males was higher than that of females (P <0.01). The age of onset was mainly from 25 to 64 years old (21 cases, 77.78%). The main occupation was peasant (20 cases, 74.07%). The indoor density of residential area was 5.43% and the density of wild rodent was 7.52%. The dominant species were Rattus norvegicus (59.09%) and the wild rut (79.07%). The latent infection rate before immunization was 11.50%. The positive rate after immunization was 77.25% and the positive rate was 74.29%. The positive rate before and after immunization was significantly different (P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of HFRS in Fengcheng decreased in 2014, and the immunization effect of HFRS vaccine was obvious. It is suggested that the comprehensive prevention and control measures should be implemented with the surveillance of epidemic situation, health education, anti-rodent control and vaccination.