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作为现代汉语一种重要的音变现象,长期以来,轻声都缺少系统性、科学性、适用性兼备的审定规范。有关书籍对轻声非轻声的划分存在严重分歧,即使《现代汉语词典》和《普通话水平测试大纲》对许多词语也没有一致的看法,给普通话学习和测试带来了困扰。2004年出版的《普通话水平测试实施纲要》规定了普通话测试用必读轻声词,标示了轻重两读的轻声词,减少了必读轻声的词语,将一些原来必读轻声的词语,归为两读两可,降低了学习难度和负担,使普通话的使用、教学和测试都有了更明确的依据。但《纲要》还有若干不周密处,说明轻声的确比较复杂,审定规范要尽善尽美是不现实的。
As an important phonetic change in modern Chinese, it has long been a lack of systematization, scientificalness and applicability of the validation norms. There is a serious disagreement between the books on the soft and non-subtle division of mind. Even the Modern Chinese Dictionary and the Putonghua Proficiency Test have no consensus on many of the terms, which has plagued Putonghua learning and testing. The Outline for Putonghua Proficiency Test (2004) published in 2004 stipulated the reading of the required words for the test of Putonghua, the whisper of light and heavy readings, the reduction of the words for reading softly, and the classification of two Reading two can reduce the difficulty and burden of learning, and make the use, teaching and testing of Putonghua more explicit. However, there are still some inaccuracies in the “Outline”, which shows that it is indeed more complicated to say softly and it is unrealistic to examine and approve the standard to be perfect.