本文主要研究了亚麻推广品种和育种骨干系的株高、出麻率等17个数量性状的遗传和变异情况。根据表型、遗传型方差和协方差估算其遗传参数。剖析了这些品种材料的遗传、变异性、选择潜力及预期选择效果。并对品种间差异极显著的15个性状进行了表型和遗传型相关分析及遗传型通径分析,揭示了亚麻原茎、纤維和种子产量的主要构成因素。 In this paper, we mainly studied the inheritance and variation of 17 quantitative characters such as plant height and cannabis rate of flax varieties and breeding bones. Genetic parameters were estimated based on phenotype, genetic variance, and covariance. The genetic, variability, selection potential and expected selection effects of these varieties were analyzed. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analysis and genetic path analysis were performed on 15 traits with extremely significant differences among cultivars. The main components of flax stem, fiber and seed yield were revealed.