人到老年,随着机体衰老,脏器形态、结构、功能会发生退行性变化,消化道黏膜萎缩、黏液分泌减少,消化功能和运动功能减弱。一般情况下食物经口腔咀嚼后由食道经胃到十二指肠、小肠、结肠排出体外。食道和气管开口相邻,外界食物由口腔吞咽进入食道时,会厌软骨会覆盖住气管开口,防止异物进入。 People to the elderly, with the body aging, organ morphology, structure, function will occur degenerative changes, gastrointestinal mucosa atrophy, mucus secretion, digestive and motor function weakened. Under normal circumstances, after chewing food from the esophagus through the stomach to the duodenum, small intestine, colon excreted. Adjacent to the esophagus and trachea opening, external food swallowing from the mouth into the esophagus, epiglottis cartilage will cover the tracheal opening to prevent foreign matter into.