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目的了解南昌铁路局管辖范围内旅客列车水质的卫生状况及其影响因素,为改善旅客列车水质提出建议。方法按照铁路疾病控制工作规范要求,对南昌铁路局开行的不同类型的86组旅客列车水箱进行采样,每组列车至少抽取5个车厢,覆盖餐车、卧铺、座车等不同种类车厢,合计采样423件,按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行检测。结果 423件样品中,合格288件,合格率为68.1%。2011、2012和2013年水质合格率分别为64.7%、69.6%、70.5%,不同年份合格率的差异无统计学意义。临客列车水质合格率为46.9%,图定列车水质合格率为75.9%,两者差异有统计学意义。普速列车水质合格率为67.9%,高速列车水质合格率为68.8%,两者差异无统计学意义。餐车、卧铺、座车水质合格率分别为83.9%、69.0%、63.4%,三者差异有统计学意义。春运期间水质合格率为88.5%,暑运期间水质合格率为51.1%,两者差异有统计学意义。所检项目中不合格指标有6项,分别为菌落总数、浑浊度、肉眼可见物、色度、耗氧量、总大肠菌群,合格率分别为76.6%、93.3%、95.7%、97.2%、98.8%、99.0%。结论南昌铁路局旅客列车水质合格率偏低,细菌总数超标是影响水质的重要原因,必须定期对列车水箱进行清洗消毒工作,尤其在暑运期间要重视消毒工作,应当强化运营前对列车水箱的冲洗,特别是对临客列车水箱的冲洗。
Objective To understand the health status of passenger trains and its influencing factors within the jurisdiction of Nanchang Railway Administration and to make suggestions for improving the quality of passenger trains. Methods According to the requirements of railway disease control work, different types of 86 passenger train water tanks operated by Nanchang Railway Bureau were sampled, and at least 5 cars were drawn from each train to cover different kinds of cars such as dining cars, sleepers and vehicles, and the total sampling was 423 Pieces, in accordance with GB / T 5750-2006 “drinking water health standard test methods” for testing. Results Among 423 samples, 288 were qualified with a pass rate of 68.1%. The qualified rates of water quality in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 64.7%, 69.6% and 70.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the passing rates in different years. Passenger train water quality pass rate of 46.9%, Figure scheduled train water pass rate of 75.9%, the difference between the two statistically significant. Passenger train water quality pass rate of 67.9%, high-speed train water passing rate of 68.8%, the difference between the two was not statistically significant. Dining cars, sleepers, car water passing rate were 83.9%, 69.0%, 63.4%, the difference between the three was statistically significant. During the Spring Festival, the passing rate of water quality was 88.5%, and the passing rate of water quality during the Shuyun period was 51.1%. The difference between the two was statistically significant. There were 6 unqualified items in the project, which were 76.6%, 93.3%, 95.7% and 97.2% of the total number of colony, turbidity, macroscopic, color, oxygen consumption and total coliforms, , 98.8%, 99.0%. Conclusion Passenger trains in Nanchang Railway Bureau pass the low pass rate and the total number of bacteria is an important factor affecting the water quality. The tank water tank must be regularly cleaned and disinfected, especially during the heat transport period. Disinfection work should be emphasized before operation, Rinse, especially for the rinsing of a Pro-Train water tank.