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为了控制降雨或融雪所形成的径流,需要设计水土保持建筑物和排水道。这种建筑物或排水道必须能承受径流所形成的水力“荷载”。 4.1 定义 径流是降雨的一部分,它以地表流和潜流的形式流入河川、湖泊及海洋中。“径流”一词,通常是指地表径流。工程师设计控制地表径流的排水道和建筑物时,主要关心的是最大洪峰流量、径流量以及它们的瞬时分布。 4.2 径流过程 径流发生以前,降雨量需先满足蒸发、植物截留、入渗、地表积
In order to control runoff resulting from rainfall or snowmelt, water and soil conservation structures and drains need to be designed. Such buildings or drains must be able to withstand the hydraulic “load” created by runoff. 4.1 Definition Runoff is part of the rainfall that flows into rivers, lakes and oceans in the form of surface and underflows. The term “runoff” usually refers to surface runoff. Engineers designing drainage and buildings that control surface runoff are primarily concerned with maximum peak flow, runoff, and their instantaneous distribution. 4.2 Runoff Before runoff occurs, rainfall must first meet the evaporation, plant retention, infiltration, surface area