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上个世纪下半,转炉、平炉、电炉等大量炼钢方法先后成功,钢铁工业在西方得到迅速发展。最初领先的是西欧,后来美国急起直追。到本世纪初,世界年产钢量为2800万吨(公吨,下同),其中美国1000万吨,占35％。世界大战促进了美国钢铁工业的发展:一次大战末美国产钢4200万吨,占58％;二次大战末7300万吨,占60％。战后美国钢产量虽然总的说还有发展,但波动很大(图1)。50年代钢产量在9000万吨上下波动。60年代中期直到现在,一直都在1.2亿吨上下剧烈摇摆,实际上是停滞了。由于其他国家钢铁发展较快,美国钢产量的比重出现大幅度的下降。1973年是美国历史上产钢量最多的一年,1.36亿吨,但只占世
The second half of last century, the converter, open hearth, electric furnace and other large steelmaking methods have been successful, the steel industry in the West has been rapid development. The first to lead was Western Europe, which was followed by the United States. By the turn of the century, the world’s annual capacity of 28 million tons of steel (metric tons, the same below), of which 10 million tons in the United States, accounting for 35%. World War promoted the development of the U.S. iron and steel industry: U.S. produced 42 million tons of steel at the end of World War II, accounting for 58% of the total; World War II ended in 73 million tons or 60%. Although post-war U.S. steel production in general still has some development, the volatility is very high (Figure 1). Steel production in the 1950s fluctuated between 90 million tons. From the mid-1960s until now, it has been shaking at a height of about 120 million tons, which is actually stagnant. Due to the rapid development of steel in other countries, the proportion of U.S. steel output dropped drastically. The year 1973 was the year with the largest amount of steel in the history of the United States, with 136 million tons, but only for the world