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在全球化及多民族国家的语境中,多重身份及多元文化认同是人们的生活常态,而多重身份如何融合并存是人们共同关注的话题。本文在文化会聚心理学视角下提出,多元文化认同的形成具有历史性,个人对多元文化认同管理又具有强烈的情境性,因此考察宏观的文化混搭、共生形态对多元文化认同管理显得非常重要。本文提出,不同文化领域的混搭构建出不同的认同形态:物质性领域的文化混搭情境中出现融合性认同表达;象征性和神圣性领域的文化混搭情境中出现排斥性认同表达,单一性亚群体认同凸显;文化依恋又是亚群体认同情感功能的体现。分析世界各国的文化政策可发现,存在三种改善认同的策略:去类别化认同与同化政策、亚类别化认同与多元文化主义政策、再类别化与多元一体的国家民族身份建构策略。最后,多民族国家的制度和局势变幻,及全球化背景下移民的社会流动是改变人们身份认同的现实环境。
In the context of globalization and multi-ethnic countries, multi-identity and multi-cultural identity are the normal lifestyles of people, and how multiple identities coexist is a topic of common concern. From the perspective of cultural convergence psychology, this paper argues that the formation of multicultural identity is historic. Individuals have a strong situational awareness of multicultural identity management. Therefore, it is very important to examine macroscopic cultural mix and match and the symbiotic morphology to multicultural identity management. This paper proposes that different forms of identity should be formed by the mix and match of different cultural fields: the identity of fusion appears in the context of cultural mashups in the material field; the expression of exclusiveness of exclusivity in the cultural mashups of the symbolic and the sacred areas, the expression of exclusive subgroups Identification highlights; cultural attachment is sub-group recognition of the emotional function of the embodiment. An analysis of the cultural policies of various countries in the world shows that there are three strategies for improving identity: the strategy of categorization and assimilation, the strategy of subcategorization and multiculturalism, the strategy of re-classification and pluralism, and the construction of national identity. Finally, the changing institutional and changing conditions in the multi-ethnic country and the social mobility of immigrants in the context of globalization are the real contexts for changing people’s identities.