亚洲近年来在保证粮食顺利发展的过程中,灌溉一直起着重大的作用;在非洲其作用小些,但也起着实质性的影响,但不如在亚洲的作用大。由于低成本的新技术开发领域很小,加上各国政府从宏观经济出发又排除赞助和接受双方投资高发展方案,使灌溉事业的进一步发展受到了限制。因此,改进现行灌溉方案的手段可能愈来愈少,因为有日益增加的销售问题,常务资金不足,管理困难以及环境保护者反对的言论正在方兴未艾。目前某些国家水稻市场的价格己趋稳定,多种经营的范围有限。关键的灌溉设备的世界价格,受欧洲和美国农业政策的冲击而被压低了。这就诱使某些发展中国家去购买谷物和糖类或寻求粮食援助而不愿去发展灌溉事业。如果对这种诱惑力加以限制,并使国内的贸易政策向有利于灌溉方面转移,那么农民也就愿意支付灌溉费用了。灌溉的管理工作是能够得到改进的,但这需要增加预算,给单位较多的自主权加强使用,管理方面的培训工作。训练农民参加管理。现代化管理的重点是强调灌溉的社会经济性,因它常是产生某些关键问题的诱因。有的环境保护者对灌溉提出了批评,要告诫热心灌溉者必须认真对待这些批评并给以必要的辩驳。这些批评并非总对灌溉不利,特别是他们对长远利益的关心应予支持。至关重要的是要恢复灌溉的信誉,才能使 In recent years, irrigation has been playing a significant role in ensuring the smooth development of food in Africa. In Africa, its role is smaller but it also has a substantive impact, but it is not as effective as it is in Asia. Due to the small area of ​​low-cost new technology development, together with the macro-economic policies of all countries, the further development of irrigation projects has been restricted due to the exclusion of sponsorship from the macro-economy and the acceptance of highly-developed investment plans by both sides. As a result, there may be less and fewer means of improving existing irrigation programs because of growing sales, under-standing funding, management difficulties and objections by environmentalists. At present, the prices of rice in some countries have stabilized and the scope of diversification is limited. World prices for key irrigation equipment have been pushed down by the European and U.S. agricultural policies. This has led some developing countries to buy cereals and sugar or seek food aid rather than to develop their irrigation business. If this temptation is to be limited and domestic trade policies are shifted to favor irrigation, farmers are also willing to pay for irrigation. Irrigation management can be improved, but this requires additional budget and more autonomy to strengthen the use of units, management training. Train farmers to take part in management. The focus of modern management is to emphasize the socio-economic aspects of irrigation, as it is often the trigger for some of the key issues. Some environmentalists have criticized irrigation, to warn enthusiastic irrigation people to take these criticisms seriously and give necessary rebuttal. These criticisms are not always detrimental to irrigation, especially their long-term interests should be supported. It is vital that the credibility of irrigation be restored before it can be made