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目的探讨潮州市自然人群中小红细胞的发生率及其产生原因。方法测定体检者七项红细胞参数,对红细胞平均体积(MCV)小于82 fl者进一步作血清铁及铁饱和度、血红蛋白电泳、地中海贫血(地贫)基因检查。结果2033自然人群中共检出小红细胞163例,发生率8.02%。其中轻型α地贫76例,轻型β地贫22例,静止型地贫13例,血红蛋白H病2例,异常血红蛋白携带者4例(1例复合β地贫),地贫(含异常血红蛋白)发生率5.71%,男、女性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。地贫发生率明显低于广州地区,略高于我国台湾地区。缺铁性小红细胞34例,其中男性7例,检出率0.44%;女性27例,检出率6.20%,男、女性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各项检查指标均正常的小红细胞(MCV 79.6~81.8 fl)13例,红细胞参数测定结果显示,轻型地贫MCV明显减低,RBC明显增多,与其他小红细胞类型比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论潮籍自然人群中小红细胞产生的常见原因是地贫与铁缺乏症;小红细胞增多对轻型地贫具有很高的筛查诊断价值。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of small red blood cells in natural population in Chaozhou City and its causes. Methods Seven red blood cell parameters of the physical examination were measured. Serum iron and iron saturation, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and thalassemia (thalassemia) genes were further examined for those whose average red blood cell volume (MCV) was less than 82 fl. Results A total of 163 RBCs were detected in 2033 natural population, and the incidence was 8.02%. Of these, 76 cases were light α-thalassemia, 22 were light β-thalassemia, 13 were static thalassemia, 2 were hemoglobin H disease, 4 were abnormal hemoglobin carriers (1 case of complex β-thalassaemia), and thalassemia (including abnormal hemoglobin) The incidence was 5.71%. There was no significant difference between male and female (P>0.05). The incidence of thalassemia is significantly lower than that of Guangzhou, slightly higher than that of Taiwan. Iron-poor red blood cells in 34 cases, including 7 males, the detection rate of 0.44%; female 27 cases, the detection rate of 6.20%, male and female differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). There were 13 normal red blood cells (MCV 79.6-81.8 fl) in each examination index. Red blood cell parameters showed that the MCV of light thalassemia significantly decreased and RBC increased significantly. There was a statistically significant difference from other small red cell types (P< 0.01). [Conclusion] The common cause of erythrocyte production in natural populations in Chaozhou is thalassemia and iron deficiency. Small erythrocytosis has a high screening diagnostic value for light thalassemia.