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目的评价2004~2014年湖南省预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划实施效果,为制订下一阶段防治规划提供参考。方法采取以钉螺控制、人畜化疗、健康教育和传染源控制为主的综合防治措施,按照预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划要求的人畜查病和钉螺调查评价防治效果。结果 2004~2014年全省共血检查病761.6万人次,人群化疗507.1万人次,晚期血吸虫病救治3.57万人次。家畜查病127.9万头(只),家畜化疗171.8万头(只)。累计开展查螺88.52亿m2,药物灭螺17.02亿m2。累计封洲禁牧面积12.97亿m2,淘汰家畜8.2万头(只)。至2014年,人群血吸虫感染率降至0.51%,家畜(牛)感染率降至0.40%。全省垸内钉螺面积虽大幅度下降,但全省有螺面积维持在17.50亿m2上下,钉螺和感染性钉螺密度均显著下降。2015年全省以行政村为单位达到传播控制标准,其中15个县达到传播阻断标准,实现了预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划目标。结论实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治策略效果显著。
Objective To evaluate the effect of medium and long term planning for prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2014 and provide reference for the formulation of prevention and control plans in the next phase. Methods The comprehensive prevention and treatment measures were mainly based on snail control, human and animal chemotherapy, health education and infection source control, and the prevention and control effects were evaluated according to the investigation of human and livestock disease and snail investigation in the medium and long term planning of prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Results From 2004 to 2014, there were 7.616 million blood tests in the province, 5.07.1 million people in chemotherapy and 35.77 million people in advanced schistosomiasis. 1.279 million livestock (only), 1.178 million heads of livestock (only). A total of 8,852 million m2 of snails were carried out and 1.702 billion m2 of drugs were destroyed. The cumulative ban animal husbandry area of 1297000000 m2, 82000 out of livestock (only). By 2014, the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the population has dropped to 0.51% and that of livestock (cattle) has dropped to 0.40%. Though the area of snail in the embankment dropped significantly, the area of snail in the whole province remained at 1.75 billion m2 and the density of oncomelania and infectious snail decreased significantly. In 2015, the province achieved the standards of communication control with administrative villages as a unit, of which 15 districts met the criteria of transmission blockade and achieved the medium and long-term planning goal of prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Conclusion The implementation of a comprehensive prevention and control strategy based on infection source control has a significant effect.