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This article describes a method for synthesizing an excellent oil soluble calcium isostearate detergent using isostearic acid and calcium hydroxide as main starting materials. Reaction conditions, including the molar ratios of calcium hydroxide to isostearic acid, methanol to calcium hydroxide and water to calcium hydroxide, the carbonation temperature, the CO2flow rate, and the volume of injected CO2, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a high alkalinity calcium isostearate detergent with a total base number (TBN) of 358 mgKOH/g and an overbased calcium isostearate detergent with a value of TBN equating to 406 mgKOH/g could be obtained. Finally, the properties of the calcium isostearate detergent were evaluated by the size distribution analysis, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the coking tendency tester.