论文部分内容阅读
对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。不管是在工作学习中，还是在日常生活中，对比是人们分析问题和解决问题的重要方法和手段，这就不难理解为什么对比类写作是高考写作中的一个重要形式了。
【突破策略】
对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。比类写作大致可以分为以下两种：
一、今昔对比
在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。在谈到过去的情况时要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），在谈到现在的情况时要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。
今昔对比的写作常见模式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）→对具体事例作对比→结论。写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：
1. 开头常用句型
(1) Great changes have taken place. 发生了巨大的变化。
Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.
(2) Things have begun to improve since ... 自从……以来，事情有了好转 / 改善。
Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
2. 对比常用句型
(1)used to ... , but now...过去常……，但是现在……
(2)... in the past, but now ... 在过去……，但是现在……
(3)once ... , but now ... 曾经……，但是现在……
(4)Things are different now. 情况已大不同了。
(5)But now, everything has changed. 但是现在全变了。例如：
Where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.
My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home.
Once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV.
在作对比时，为避免句型重复，可适当变换一些句式，比如：
(1)Another change is ...再有一个变化是……
Another big change is in the housing conditions.
(2)What’s more, ... 还有……
What’s more, I can go to bed earlier than in the past.
3. 结尾常用句型
In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
2004年北京春季高考题范文
Changes In Our Life
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life(主题句). Take my family for example(过渡句). My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home(对比一). And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV(对比二). Another big change is in the housing conditions(过渡句). When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment(对比三). In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience(总结句).
在写这类文章时，首先要写好主题句。同学们在审题时要把握全局，把全文要说明的主题在第一句就交待清楚。然后根据所给材料，展开今昔对比。对比时不要单调地使用同一句型，要稍有变化，并且中间要有恰当的过渡句。最后写好总结句，即你对这种现象作出自己的理解或判断。
二、正反观点对比
对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题→两种不同的观点→对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：
正反观点对比常用句型
(1)We have a discussion about ... 我们对……进行了一次讨论。
We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
(2)We have had a survey on ...我们对……进行了一次调查。
We’ve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.
(3)Opinions are divided on the question. 在这个问题上意见有分歧。
(4)Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有两种不同的意见。
(5)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同的看法。
(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。
(7)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ... , but forty percent of the students don’t think so. 60%的学生认为……是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。
(8)On the one hand, … on the other hand, …… 一方面……，另一方面……
在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：
(1)What’s more, ... 还有就是……
What’s more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.
(2)Besides, ... 除此之外……
Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, it’s far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.
当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First, ... Second, ... Third, ...来列举论据。
2004湖北高考题范文
The students of Class 2 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood（提出问题）.
Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood（观点一）. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning（论据）.
But others do not agree（观点二）. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning（论据）. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
可以看出这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列的论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，可接下来展开表达。
【突破策略】
对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。比类写作大致可以分为以下两种：
一、今昔对比
在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。在谈到过去的情况时要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），在谈到现在的情况时要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。
今昔对比的写作常见模式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）→对具体事例作对比→结论。写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：
1. 开头常用句型
(1) Great changes have taken place. 发生了巨大的变化。
Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.
(2) Things have begun to improve since ... 自从……以来，事情有了好转 / 改善。
Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
2. 对比常用句型
(1)used to ... , but now...过去常……，但是现在……
(2)... in the past, but now ... 在过去……，但是现在……
(3)once ... , but now ... 曾经……，但是现在……
(4)Things are different now. 情况已大不同了。
(5)But now, everything has changed. 但是现在全变了。例如：
Where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.
My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home.
Once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV.
在作对比时，为避免句型重复，可适当变换一些句式，比如：
(1)Another change is ...再有一个变化是……
Another big change is in the housing conditions.
(2)What’s more, ... 还有……
What’s more, I can go to bed earlier than in the past.
3. 结尾常用句型
In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
2004年北京春季高考题范文
Changes In Our Life
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life(主题句). Take my family for example(过渡句). My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home(对比一). And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV(对比二). Another big change is in the housing conditions(过渡句). When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment(对比三). In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience(总结句).
在写这类文章时，首先要写好主题句。同学们在审题时要把握全局，把全文要说明的主题在第一句就交待清楚。然后根据所给材料，展开今昔对比。对比时不要单调地使用同一句型，要稍有变化，并且中间要有恰当的过渡句。最后写好总结句，即你对这种现象作出自己的理解或判断。
二、正反观点对比
对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题→两种不同的观点→对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：
正反观点对比常用句型
(1)We have a discussion about ... 我们对……进行了一次讨论。
We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
(2)We have had a survey on ...我们对……进行了一次调查。
We’ve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.
(3)Opinions are divided on the question. 在这个问题上意见有分歧。
(4)Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有两种不同的意见。
(5)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同的看法。
(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。
(7)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ... , but forty percent of the students don’t think so. 60%的学生认为……是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。
(8)On the one hand, … on the other hand, …… 一方面……，另一方面……
在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：
(1)What’s more, ... 还有就是……
What’s more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.
(2)Besides, ... 除此之外……
Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, it’s far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.
当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First, ... Second, ... Third, ...来列举论据。
2004湖北高考题范文
The students of Class 2 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood（提出问题）.
Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood（观点一）. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning（论据）.
But others do not agree（观点二）. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning（论据）. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
可以看出这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列的论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，可接下来展开表达。