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目的了解2011-2012年河南省各类食品中铅、镉、总汞、总砷等有害重金属元素的污染水平,掌握河南省食品安全现状。方法采取多级分层随机抽样原则,选取郑州、开封、洛阳、安阳、鹤壁、漯河、南阳、周口8个地市为调查地区,抽取谷物及其制品、肉类及其制品、新鲜蔬菜、食用菌及制品、蛋类、乳类、水产品、膨化食品、茶叶、婴幼儿食品等11大类,进行铅、镉、总汞、总砷的检测。结果铅在各类食品中的总体超标率为3.81%(44/1 154),其中藻类及其制品中铅的超标率为17.24%(5/29),显著高于特殊营养用食品和食用菌(χ2值分别为14.52和11.84,P<0.01);镉在各类食品中的总体超标率为2.07%(21/1 014);总汞为1.35%(13/960);总砷为0.19%(1/522)。结论所调查的重金属元素在河南省食品中的总体超标率较低,但藻类及其制品中有害元素污染状况较为严重,应采取措施加以控制。
Objective To understand the pollution levels of harmful heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic in various kinds of food in Henan province from 2011 to 2012 and to grasp the current situation of food safety in Henan Province. Methods The stratified stratified random sampling method was adopted to select 8 prefectures and cities of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Anyang, Hebi, Luohe, Nanyang and Zhoukou as the surveyed areas. Grain and its products, meat and their products, fresh vegetables and edible Bacteria and products, eggs, dairy products, aquatic products, puffed food, tea, baby food and other 11 categories, for lead, cadmium, total mercury, total arsenic detection. Results The overall lead excess rate of all kinds of food was 3.81% (44/1 154), among which the exceeding standard rate of lead in algae and their products was 17.24% (5/29), which was significantly higher than that of special nutrition food and edible fungus (χ2 = 14.52 and 11.84 respectively, P <0.01). The overall over-standard rate of cadmium in all kinds of food was 2.07% (21/1 014), total mercury was 1.35% (13/960), total arsenic was 0.19% (1/522). Conclusion The overall over-standard rate of heavy metals in Henan Province is low, but the pollution of harmful elements in algae and their products is more serious. Measures should be taken to control them.