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用放射免疫试验测定乙型肝炎抗原(即:HBAg或HAA)的灵敏度很高,一般比对流免疫电泳或补体结合法高100～1,000倍左右,对供血员中HBAg携带者的检出率约提高8～10倍。但最近对此方法的特异性提出疑问,认为可有相当多的假阳性。Prince等报告,在5,089名供血员中,用对流电泳法仅6例HBAg阳性,占0.12％;而用固体相的放射免疫法,有63例HBAg阳性(占1.24％),阳性率高了10倍。作者进一步用中和试验来复核放射免疫法的特异性。
Radioimmunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (ie, HBAg or HAA) is highly sensitive, generally 100 to 1,000 times more efficient than counter-current immunoelectrophoresis or complement fixation, and increases the detection rate of HBAg carriers in blood donors 8 to 10 times. However, recent questions about the specificity of this approach suggest that there may be quite a bit of false positives. Prince et al. Reported that among 5,089 blood donors, only 6 HBAg was positive by convection electrophoresis, accounting for 0.12%; whereas, by solid phase radioimmunoassay, 63 were positive for HBAg (1.24%) and the positive rate was 10 Times The authors further used a neutralization assay to review the specificity of radioimmunoassay.