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时态是表征时间的语法规则形式,然而,时态语法规则无法解释时间表达的复杂性,自然语言使用中存在大量时态和所表达时间不对称的现象,体现为语法和语用的相互作用。本文提出,英语时态系统为时间的表达提供必要的资源和手段,将来时体现为多种规约化程度不同的语法形式,其中规约化程度最高的will作为形式标记表达将来时间,同时在特定语境下生成情态语用含义;非将来时形式在特定语境中也可表达将来时间,但受到不同语用条件制约。
However, the grammatical rules of temporal grammar can not explain the complexity of time expression. There are a large number of phenomena in the use of natural language and the asymmetry of the expressed time, which is manifested in the interaction of grammar and pragmatics . This paper proposes that the English tense system provides the necessary resources and means for the expression of time, and the future will be manifested in a variety of grammatical forms with different degrees of formalization. The most formalized will, as a formal marker, expresses the future time, Under the circumstances, modality pragmatics implies that non-future forms can also express future time in specific contexts, but are conditioned by different pragmatic conditions.