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水稻生长发育的各个阶段对于温度有其一定要求,而在幼穗分化、花粉的形成与发育、开花、授粉、受精时期则表现更为敏感。过去国内外在低温对水稻生长发育各个时期的影响方面报道较多,高温对水稻的影响研究则比较少。1976年以来,上海植物生理研究所通过人工气候室对于高温对早稻开花结实的影响及其防治作过很多工作。他们利用人工高温(32—35℃)在开花前后、灌桨、成熟等时期处理水稻植株,结果导致了空壳增多,千粒重下降;同时探明各个不同发育阶段都有其对高温的敏感期。花粉形成发育正常与否,将直接影响到开花、受精、结实而成为最终关系到作物产量的关键问题之一。本文将从细胞学的角度来探讨高温如何影响花粉的形成与发育,而导致花粉败育不能正常开花受精和结实;以及这一发育阶段对于高温的敏感期。
All stages of rice growth and development have certain requirements for temperature, but are more sensitive to panicle differentiation, pollen formation and development, flowering, pollination and fertilization. In the past, there were many reports about the effects of low temperature on rice growth and development at home and abroad, and the impact of high temperature on rice was relatively few. Since 1976, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology has done a lot of work in the climatic chamber for the effect of high temperature on the flowering and fruiting of early rice and its control. They used artificial high temperature (32-35 ℃) to treat paddy rice plants before and after flowering, paddy ripening and other stages. As a result, they increased the shell size and decreased the 1000-grain weight. At the same time, they proved that they had their sensitive period to high temperature at different developmental stages. Pollen formation and development of normal or not, will directly affect the flowering, fertilization, fruiting and eventually become one of the key issues related to crop yield. In this paper, we will discuss how the high temperature affects the formation and development of pollen from the perspective of cytology, which leads to the pollen abortion can not flowering, fertilizing and fruiting normally; and the sensitive period of high temperature for this stage of development.