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进入八十年代以后,微电子技术、光应用技术、光电子学、生物工程学、生命科学、新材料和软件系统等尖端技术的发展日新月异,以这些尖端技术为中心并以独创性新技术为武器的一大批中小企业异军突起,活跃在科技革命的最前列,这对科学技术的进步和社会经济的发展产生了重大的影响。这些中小企业即被称之为“风险企业”。在以往的二十几年中,美国和日本等一些发达国家出现过数次风险企业兴起的高潮。目前,正在形成一个新的高潮。然而,必须指出的是,正在形成中的风险企业已不同于以往的风险企业,它不仅以筹集必要的资金,即风险资本、获取最大的资本效益为目的开展企业活动,而且更重要的是要促使高级技术产业的振兴。在国外,这类企业名目繁多,有人冠之以高级技术产业、研究开发型产业、技术开发型中小企业、科学知识的复合体、知识技术革新型企业等名称。这类企业都是为满足社会个别的、多样化的需求而承担某种危险和困难的企业。风险企业以开发尖端技术并使之商品化为专业,以集中发挥研究开发能力为己任,它们都拥有一大批脱离了大企业和研究机关的富有开拓精神的企业家和身怀创新绝技的专业技术人才。现在,美国的“硅谷”以及其他国家和地区类似于“硅谷”的风险企业正似雨后春笋般涌现,并呈现出无限生机。本期摘要选译的一组有关风险企业的文章,从理论和应用两个方面反映了当前国外一些风险企业所面临的问題,以供读者研究和参考。
Since the 1980s, the development of cutting-edge technologies such as microelectronics, optical applications, optoelectronics, bioengineering, life sciences, new materials, and software systems has been rapidly evolving, centering on these cutting-edge technologies and using originality and new technologies as weapons. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises emerged as the most prosperous and active in the forefront of the scientific and technological revolution. This has had a major impact on the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy. These small and medium-sized enterprises are called “risk companies.” In the past two decades, some developed countries such as the United States and Japan have experienced several climaxes in the rise of venture companies. At present, a new climax is forming. However, it must be pointed out that the venture companies that are currently forming are different from the previous venture companies. They not only carry out corporate activities for the purpose of raising the necessary funds, that is, venture capital, and maximizing capital efficiency, but more importantly, they must Promote the rejuvenation of the advanced technology industry. In foreign countries, there are numerous names of such companies, and some are known by the names of advanced technology industries, research and development industries, technology-developed small and medium-sized enterprises, scientific knowledge complexes, and knowledge and technological innovation companies. These enterprises are all undertaking dangerous and difficult businesses to meet the individual and diversified needs of society. Venture companies are committed to developing cutting-edge technologies and commercializing them, focusing on their ability to focus on their research and development capabilities. They all have a large number of pioneering entrepreneurs and professionals with innovative skills who have left large companies and research institutions. Talent. Now, the “Silicon Valley” in the United States and other countries and regions that are similar to the “Silicon Valley” venture companies are springing up and showing boundless vitality. This series of abstract translations of a group of articles on venture companies reflect the problems faced by some foreign venture companies from both theory and application for readers’ research and reference.