集成电路(以下简称IC)自六十年代初期出现以来,至今已有十余年的历史。它的出现被人们誉为电子器件的第三代。近几年来,由于制造技术的不断进步和整机的需求,使IC得到了迅速发展和广泛应用,也为仪器仪表的发展提供了新的元件。 IC是把各个元件(如二极管、晶体管、电阻、电容等)和功能部件(如放大器、触发器等)以及他们的互连组合在一个总的工艺过程内,制作在一块基片上的。实现了材料、元件、电路的三位一体。它与分立元件连成的电 Integrated Circuits (ICs) have been in existence for more than ten years since their appearance in the early 1960s. Its emergence has been hailed as the third generation of electronic devices. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology and the demand of the whole machine, the IC has been rapidly developed and widely used, and also provided new components for the development of instrumentation. ICs are fabricated on a single substrate by combining the various components (such as diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc.) and functional components (such as amplifiers, flip-flops, etc.) and their interconnects in one general process. To achieve the material, components, the trinity of the circuit. It is connected with the discrete components of electricity