The World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Round of trade negotiations is on life support and there are intermittent and half-hearted efforts to resuscitate it. It would seem that the postwar framework for multilateral trade cooperation is under existential threat. It is, however, premature to draw that conclusion. Beginning in the 1990s, when it was becoming clear that China represented a huge market access opportunity, the United States and European Union launched efforts to reduce China's trade barriers. This initiative was assisted by the fact that the Chinese lead- The World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Round of trade negotiations is on life support and there are intermittent and half-hearted efforts to resuscitate it. It would seem that the postwar framework for multilateral trade cooperation is under existential threat. It is, however, premature to draw that conclusion. Beginning in the 1990s, when it was becoming clear that China represented a huge market access opportunity, the United States and European Union launched efforts to reduce China's trade barriers. This initiative was assisted by the fact that the Chinese lead -