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在社会主义发展史上,马克思和恩格斯限于当时的历史条件,只对社会主义的本质做了浅层次的揭示,例如社会主义公有制、按劳分配和无产阶级专政等,列宁基本上如此坚持,未有深究.斯大林则将这浅层次的社会主义的本质具体化为苏联模式.毛泽东虽对这苏联模式的弊端早有认识,但在实践的探索中仍然没有冲破.以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人,根据社会主义建设实践的经验和教训,对社会主义本质的认识从社会主义的固定模式即苏联模式中解放出来,丰富了对社会主义基本特征的认识.这种丰富不仅将生产力和精神文明的要求纳入到社会主义基本特征中,而且对经济关系做了具体规定.邓小平提出并被党的十四大肯定了的对社会主义本质的概括:社会主义的本质是解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕.标志着人们对社会主义本质特征的认识已经摆脱了具体模式和浅层本质的描述,进入到了深层本质的把握,形成了理论真理.因而这是对社会主义认识过程中的巨大飞跃.
In the history of socialism, Marx and Engels were limited to the historical conditions at the time, and only made a shallow revelation of the essence of socialism such as socialist public ownership, distribution according to work, dictatorship of the proletariat, etc. Lenin basically insisted and did not Stalin turned this shallow socialism into the Soviet model.While Mao Tse-tung had long known the shortcomings of the Soviet model, he still did not break through the exploration of practice.Chinese Communist Party represented by Deng Xiaoping According to the experience and lessons learned from the practice of socialist construction, people have liberated themselves from the socialist model of fixed pattern, that is, from the Soviet model, and enriched their understanding of the basic characteristics of socialism. Such enrichment not only enriches the forces of production and spiritual civilization Into the basic characteristics of socialism, but also made specific stipulations on economic relations.Deng Xiaoping proposed and was affirmed by the 14th CPC Congress to sum up the essence of socialism: the essence of socialism is to liberate the productive forces, develop the productive forces, and eliminate Exploit and eliminate polarization and eventually achieve common prosperity, marking the fundamental importance of the socialist essence Understanding of the specific model and has been out of the shallow nature of description, into a deep grasp of the essence, formed a theory of truth. Thus this is a huge leap in understanding of socialism process.