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为探究施氮及控水对黑粒小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒灌浆的影响,以漯珍一号为供试材料,采用施氮量(N)和花后控水(W)2因素随机区组设计进行研究,其中花后控水设置3个盆栽试验处理:W1为整个生育期充足供水,土壤相对含水量控制在75%~85%;W2为中度水分胁迫处理,土壤相对含水量控制在55%~65%;W3为重度水分胁迫处理,前期处理同W1,从开花期开始控水到收获,土壤相对含水量控制在35%~45%。施氮量设置3个处理,分别为:N1(施纯氮150 kg·hm-2)、N2(施纯氮240kg·hm-2)、N3(施纯氮330 kg·hm-2),研究了不同施氮量及花后控水对漯珍一号旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率及籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,花后充足的水分供应(土壤相对含水量75%~85%)能够有效提高旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率,延长光合作用时间;严重水分亏缺(土壤相对含水量35%~45%)阻碍了灌浆后期光合作用的进行。施氮量相同时,理论籽粒最高粒重、最大灌浆速率及平均灌浆速率均表现为:W1>W2>W3,且W1快增期结束时间较晚、快增期持续时间最长,有利于延长灌浆过程和粒重的增加;W2时,增施氮肥能够提高籽粒的灌浆速率,但灌浆持续时间缩短,灌浆不充分,影响粒重增加。综合考虑,本试验条件下,施氮240 kg·hm-2和花后充足供水处理为较优肥水组合。本研究结果为黑粒小麦生产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。
In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application and water control on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain filling of black grain wheat, the experiment was conducted with Luozhen 1 as test material and nitrogen (N) and post-anthesis water (W) In this study, three potted treatments were set up for post-anthesis water control: W1 was sufficient water supply for the whole growth period, and the relative water content of soil was controlled at 75% -85%; W2 was moderate water stress treatment and soil relative water content control From 55% to 65% .W3 was treated with severe water stress. The pretreatment was the same as W1, and the control of water content was 35% -45% from the beginning of flowering to the harvest. Nitrogen application rate was set as 3 treatments: N1 (150 kg · hm-2 nitrogen), N2 (240 kg hm-2) and N3 (330 kg hm-2) Effects of different amount of nitrogen application and post anthesis water control on SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate and grain filling characteristics of Luozhen No.1 flag leaf. The results showed that sufficient post-anthesis water supply (soil relative water content 75% ~ 85%) could effectively increase the flag leaf SPAD value and net photosynthesis rate and prolong the photosynthesis time; severe water deficit (soil relative water content 35% ~ 45 %) Hindered the photosynthesis at the late grain filling stage. The maximum grain weight, the maximum grain filling rate and the average grain filling rate of the theoretical grain showed W1> W2> W3 with the same amount of nitrogen application, and the ending time of W1 rapid increasing period was the longest, the duration of fast growing period was the longest, which was in favor of lengthening Grain filling process and grain weight increase; W2, the application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve grain filling rate, but the filling duration shortened filling inadequate, affecting grain weight increase. Taken together, the experimental conditions, nitrogen application 240 kg · hm-2 and sufficient post-flow water treatment for the optimal combination of fertilizer. The results of this study provide some theoretical basis for the production and cultivation of black grain wheat.